virqur1.htm

• A Critique of Islamic Jihad http://www.krim.org/links/A_Critique_of_Islamic_Jihad.htm
[Christian site quoting the Qur'an, not all negative.]

• Islam and Terrorism (Labib Mikhail) http://www.thespiritofislam.com/books/9-islam-and-terrorism.html

• Jehad (Anwar Shaikh) http://islamreview.org/anwarshaikh/islam/IslamicJehad.html
[Hindu critique of Islamic use of jihad.]

• Jihad (Jeff Reich) http://www.lmn.org/magazine/171/jihad.html

• Jihad (War) in the Koran and in the Logos. http://www.voiceofjesus.org/jesusandmuhammad.html
[Quotes from the Qur'an saying that Muhammed was warlike as compared to Jesus.]

• Jihad and Human Rights Today (Bat Ye’or) http://www.islamreview.com/articles/humanrights.shtml

• "Qur’an is the Primary Manual of Islamic Suicide Terrorism" (Syed Kamran Mirza) http://www.faithfreedom.org/oped/skm60428.htm

Justice and Human Rights

• Are Human Rights Compatible with Islam (Riffat Hassan)
http://www.religiousconsultation.org/hassan2.htm

• Human Rights in Islam
http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/humanrelations/humanrights/
[Published by The Institute of Islamic Information and Education (III&E)]

• Human Rights in Islam ( 'Allamah Abu al-'A'la Mawdudi)
http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/M_hri/index.htm
http://www.islam101.com/rights/hrBrief.htm

• The Qur'anic Concept of Justice [Nasr Abu Zaid] http://www.polylog.org/them/2/fcs8-en.htm
["This discussion of the Qur'anic, rather than Islamic concept of justice is situated in the history of the Qur'an's compilation. Various aspects of the Qur'anic sciences are critically employed to elucidate a Qur'anic concept of divine justice based on "the most trustworthy handhold" (al-'urwtu 'l-wuthqa). This eternal pact between God and his creation is established on the divine law inherent in every human soul (fi'ra) which recognises the absolute authority of the One God. Justice is done when individuals are "just" and sincere to this inner nature, and their salvation rests in this. Thus the prophets and Qur'an are reminder (dhikr) of this initial revelation and the need to remain true to it. Dealing with equality and justice, it is important to refocus scholarly attention away from apologetic Islamic responses to issues of polygamy, the position of women, non-muslims and freedom of religion. A historical recontextualisation of the Qur'an may provide a more objective way of analysing these issues. Finally, after a discussion of various sins relating to social and economic justice, which are raised in the Qur'anic parables as examples of human disobediance and departures from Divine justice, the concept of scale (mizan) in reference to the final judgement of humanity's good and evil is elaborated."] A study by the Egyptian scholar .]

• Religious Human Rights in the Qur'an [Riffat Hassan]
http://muslim-canada.org/emory.htm
[This article was excerpted from the two volume work: Religious Human Rights in Global Perspective: Religious Perspectives p. 361-86 (John Witte, Jr. and Johan D. van der Vyver eds., Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1996). "I offer an account of the Qur'an's affirmation of fundamental rights which all human beings ought to possess, because they are so deeply rooted in our humanness that their denial or violation is tantamount to a negation or degradation of that which makes us human. From the perspective of the Qur'an, these rights came into existence when we did; they were created, as we were, by God in order that our human potential could be actualized. These rights not only provide us with an opportunity to develop all our inner resources, but they also hold before us a vision of what God would like us to be: what God wants us to strive for and live for and die for. Rights created or given by God cannot be abolished by any temporal ruler or human agency. Eternal and immutable, they ought to be exercised since everything that God does is for "a just purpose."]